Humayun's Tomb
India, New Delhi

The Tomb of Humayun is a magnificent mausoleum-garden of the ruler of the Mughal empire, Emperor Humayun, built by order of his widow Hamida Banu Begum 14 years after the death of her husband. The mausoleum is located in the eastern part of Delhi, on the banks of the Yamuna River, near the Old Fort. Work was carried out from 1569 to 1572, 1.5 million rupees were spent on the construction of the tomb. The tomb was built in Persian and Indian architectural styles by the architect Mirak Mirza Giyas. The mausoleum is a whole complex of buildings located in a beautiful garden with swimming pools connected by artificial canals. The main building - the tomb of Hamayuha is located in the center of the garden. The building is set on a large square platform, made of red sandstone, trimmed with black and white marble. In terms of plan, the mausoleum has the shape of an irregular octagon; in the center, the building is crowned with a double dome, decorated with decorative marble brackets. The facade around the perimeter is decorated with arched vaults, deeply recessed into the walls, decorated with carvings and ornaments. The tomb is 47 meters high and 91 meters wide. The tomb of the emperor is located under the central hall, and the cenotaph made of white marble (the so-called ceremonial sarcophagus - monument) of the ruler is installed in the main hall, open for visiting. The hall with the cenotaph is located under the central dome, the walls are divided into tiers with rows of arched windows decorated with openwork lattice "jali". The original interior decoration of the tomb has not survived to the present day, but there is a description of eyewitnesses - the hall was decorated with rich Persian rugs, a small tent hung over the sarcophagus, there were Khumayun’s sword, his Koran and personal items. Later, several more sarcophagi were installed in the mausoleum, in which the wives of Humayun (including Hamid Banu Begum) and several subsequent Mughal emperors rest. In total, 150 graves are located on the territory of the tomb of Hamayun. There are several buildings on the territory of the garden - the tombs of Isa Khan Niyazi, Bu Halim, Barbera, Nila Gumbad (Blue Dome) and others, there are also pavilions and a swimming pool. The garden is surrounded by a stone fence on three sides; on the fourth side, the garden is adjacent to the Yamuna River, which today continues to flow, changing its course over time. In order to preserve the architectural monument in 1993, the tomb of Mahayuna was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The mausoleum, half destroyed by vandals and looted, was completely reconstructed in 1999-2003, the garden was renewed, in which about 2500 trees were planted and new lawns were broken, fountains were repaired, canals and a water supply system were restored. Today, the tomb of Humayun is one of the best preserved Mughal architectural monuments and one of the main attractions of Delhi.