Santiago is the capital and largest city of Chile. Founded in 1541 by Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, it serves as the nation's political and cultural center. The city is situated in the country's central valley, at the foothills of the Andes mountain range. Santiago functions as the primary hub for Chile's financial and commercial activities. It houses the country's key governmental institutions, including the presidential palace, La Moneda. The city's economy is diversified, with significant sectors in services, banking, and manufacturing. Santiago is a major transportation node for Chile, connected by an extensive metro system, a principal international airport, and a network of highways. Several prominent universities are located in the metropolitan area, contributing to its role as an educational center. The city's climate is classified as Mediterranean, featuring warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters.