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- Milano
- La Scala Theater
The famous Milanese La Scala Theater was built by decree of the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. La Scala was to replace the Royal Ducal Theater, which burned down during a fire in 1776. The architect of the project of the new theater was the architect Giuseppe Piermarini, the financing was undertaken by the Milan aristocracy. Construction began in 1776, for this the church of Santa Maria La Scala was demolished, which left a memory of itself, giving the theater its name - La Scala. The theater was built in neoclassical style, the length of the building is 100 meters, width is 38 meters. The auditorium has the shape of a horseshoe, it has 194 lodges, each of which accommodates up to 10 people. But the most important thing in the La Scala theater is its excellent acoustics. The opening of the theater took place in August 1778. At the premiere, the opera "Recognized Europe", written by Antonio Salieri specifically for the opening of the theater, was performed. La Scala has become the main resting place of Italian bohemia. In the XVIII century, in the theater it was possible not only to watch performances, people came here to have dinner and play cards. Until the end of the 18th century, La Scala hosted performances of puppet theaters, which at that time were popular with the public. But the opera was a constant favorite. The opera seasons of that time were called: carnival, autumn, spring and summer. Since the beginning of the XIX century, La Scala has become an exclusively opera house. The operas of Italian composers Anfossi, Guglielmi, Cimarosa, Kerudini, Paisiello, Myra appear in his repertoire. And in 1812, on the stage of the theater, the premiere of Gioaccino Rossini's opera "Test Stone" took place. From 1812 to 1825, Rossini's operas Turk in Italy, Cinderella, Barber of Seville, Lake Maiden, Othello, Tankred, and Semiramis were staged at the theater. In the same years, choreographers Salvatore Vigano and Carlo Vlasis expanded the theater’s artistic repertoire, including ballet. In the 19th century, La Scala's productions are based on the works of the largest Italian composers: Vincenzo Bellini, Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini. The theater is gaining more and more popularity, artists of the troupe are becoming favorites of the public. Byron and Stendhal write enthusiastically about the theater. In 1907, the audience was rebuilt, providing a capacity of 1987 seats. And during the Second World War, in 1943, due to the direct hit of a high-explosive bomb, the theater was almost destroyed. The restoration of the theater began immediately after the liberation of Italy from German occupation. Work on the revival of the theater was carried out under the direction of its director Antonio Giringelli. Even before the building was restored, the La Scala orchestra began performing on the open stage, located in the old Sforzesco castle in Milan. The opening of the theater took place on May 11, 1946, the building was restored in its original form. After a sixteen-year break, Arturo Toscanini again rose to the conductor's console. Outstanding Italian and foreign performers performed and perform in La Scala: Enrico Caruso, Titta Ruffo, Tito Skipa, Maria Callas, Renata Tebaldi, Giuseppe Di Stefano, Boris Hristov, Fyodor Chaliapin, Leonid Sobinov, Antonietta Stella, Renata Scotto Kotso Foto, Fjot Corelli, Dmitry Hvorostovsky and many others. From the beginning of 2002 to the end of 2004, the theater was closed for major repairs. The works included the restoration of old interiors, the renovation of the auditorium, study rooms, dressing rooms, storage rooms and technical re-equipment of the theater, in particular, screens with an electronic libretto system were mounted in the backs of chairs. From the day of its opening to the present day, La Scala Theater is deservedly considered one of the best opera houses in the world. Outstanding opera singers consider it an honor to sing on his stage.
