The Italian Court, known in Czech as Vlašský dvůr, is a historically significant architectural complex located in the city center of Kutná Hora. Its origins are closely tied to the economic prosperity brought by the region's rich silver deposits, which made the city a crucial financial center of the Kingdom of Bohemia in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.

The complex was originally constructed as a central mint and later served as a royal residence. Its primary function was the minting of Prague groschen, a high-quality silver coin that became a key currency in Central Europe. The name "Italian Court" references the Italian financial experts and mint masters, often from Florence, who were invited to modernize the coinage process and introduce advanced minting techniques.

Under the reign of King Wenceslaus II, a comprehensive monetary reform was enacted, centralizing coin production at this site. The building was substantially rebuilt and fortified around 1300 to reflect its importance as a state treasury and a secure location for precious metals. For a period, it also functioned as a temporary royal seat when the monarch visited Kutná Hora.

The architectural ensemble has undergone several reconstructions over the centuries, blending Gothic, Renaissance, and Neo-Gothic elements. The most visible later modifications, particularly the striking neo-Gothic facade and tower, were carried out in the late 19th and early 20th centuries during a period of romantic historicism aimed at restoring the building's perceived medieval character.

Today, the Italian Court operates as a museum and a prominent civic landmark. The museum exhibitions are dedicated to the history of coin minting, the mining of silver, and the life of the medieval town. Key historic interiors accessible to visitors include the former royal hall and chapel, which provide insight into the building's dual role as a mint and a residence. The site is an integral part of the historic center of Kutná Hora, which is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.