The Museum of Russian Antiquity in Smolensk was established in the late 19th century through the efforts of Princess Maria Tenisheva, a prominent patron of the arts and collector. The museum was conceived as a public institution to house and display her extensive private collection, which was dedicated to preserving and showcasing Russian folk and applied arts. The collection was renowned for its significant assemblage of artifacts, including traditional Russian costumes, fine examples of wood carving, ceramics, metalwork, and embroidery, representing various regions and historical periods of Russia. The museum building itself was constructed in the Russian Revival style, reflecting the nationalistic artistic trends of the era. It officially opened to the public in 1905. Following the nationalization of private collections after the 1917 Revolution, the museum's holdings were dispersed and integrated into the collections of other major Russian museums, including the Smolensk State Museum-Preserve. The original building continues to be a notable architectural landmark in the city and remains associated with cultural activities.