The Smolensk Fortress Wall, often referred to as the Smolensk Kremlin, is a historically significant defensive structure located in the city of Smolensk, Russia. Its construction was a major undertaking of the Russian state at the turn of the 17th century, initiated by Tsar Boris Godunov and built under the supervision of the renowned architect Fyodor Kon. The primary purpose of the fortress was to strengthen the western borders of the Russian Tsardom against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The fortress is a monumental example of Russian military architecture from that period. The original structure was an extensive complex featuring 38 towers connected by thick, high curtain walls, forming a formidable defensive perimeter around the city. The walls were constructed using brick and stone, with a core filled with rubble and cobblestone, a technique typical for large-scale Russian fortifications of the era. The total length of the walls once exceeded six kilometers, encircling the historical center of Smolensk.

Throughout its history, the Smolensk Fortress Wall has been a site of numerous military conflicts, bearing witness to several pivotal sieges. It played a crucial role during the Time of Troubles, notably during a prolonged and heroic defense against Polish forces in 1609–1611. The fortress was also a key strategic point during the Patriotic War of 1812 against Napoleon's Grande Armée, where major battles took place in its vicinity. Again, it saw fierce fighting during the Great Patriotic War in the 1940s.

Today, the fortress is recognized as an object of cultural heritage of federal significance. While time and warfare have taken their toll, significant sections of the wall and several original towers have been preserved and restored. These surviving fragments, such as the Veselukha, Orel, and Kostyrevskaya towers, provide a tangible connection to the past and dominate the city's landscape. The remaining structures offer a clear impression of the scale and power of this defensive ensemble.

The Smolensk Fortress Wall is not only a historical monument but also an integral part of the city's modern identity. It serves as a prominent public space and a venue for cultural events. The walls and towers house museum exhibitions dedicated to the military history of Smolensk and the fortress itself. The structure stands as a symbol of resilience and a key landmark for understanding the historical development of this ancient Russian city on its western frontier.