The famous “falling” tower is the bell tower of the cathedral in the city of Pisa, part of the architecturally rare architectural beauty ensemble, which, in addition to the bell tower and the cathedral, also consists of a baptismal chapel (baptistery) and a cemetery. If the “falling” tower did not roll, but stood strictly upright, like all the other towers in the world, its glory would probably be limited only to a narrow circle of architects and historians. Thanks to its constructive flaw, it is known throughout the world.
Soon after the construction began in 1173, the foundation of the Leaning Tower of Pisa was laid unevenly. Construction was stopped and resumed only after 100 years. Only later did it become clear that the Leaning Tower of Pisa was "falling" leaning south. Since the constant measurements of the tower began in 1911, it has been recorded that the peak is tilted by 1.2 millimeters per year. Today, the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa is tilted 5.3 m from the center. The tower reaches a height of 55 meters, and the inscription on it indicates that it was laid in 1174. But since the Leaning Calendar of Pisa, as it turned out, was one year ahead of the generally accepted one, the year 1173 should be considered the real start date for construction. The architects of the tower were Bonnano Pisano and Wilhelm von Innsbruck, but both of them were not destined to see the final completion of their plan. By the way, until the second half of the XIV century, the tower remained without a belfry crowning it. In 1564, Galileo Galilei, the future famous scientist, was born in Pisa. Judging by his own stories, he used the Leaning Tower of Pisa for his experiments. From the top floor, he threw various objects to prove that the rate of fall does not depend on the weight of the falling body. The famous cathedral ensemble in Pisa is a masterpiece of medieval Italian architecture. In the Pisa Cathedral there are several burials of various historical figures, among which is the tomb of the German Emperor Henry VII.
The restoration and fortification of the tower was completed in June 2001. Builders gave a guarantee to the famous building for 300 years. Architects and scientists do not lose hope of saving this priceless work of art. Many projects were proposed, among which was the proposal to close the entire tower with a glass dome. But the project failed. Now the foundation of the tower is reinforced with concrete blocks, it is strictly forbidden to approach the tower.